ABSTRACT
Background: Vaccines are urgently needed to handle the morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The inactivated vaccine is widely used in Indonesia's national immunization program due to its eligibility of stock, easier to transport, and considered to be more established than newer platforms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety profile of the inactivated vaccine and analyze the safety profile between adults and the elderly. Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among healthy adults aged ≥ 18 years from September 2nd to December 28th, 2021, at ten primary health centers from 5 districts in Jakarta, Indonesia. The participants were instructed to record the symptoms after inactivated COVID-19 vaccine injection in the diary card for 28 days. Chi-square tests were carried out to analyze the relationship between the adverse event following immunization (AEFI) in adults and elderly groups. Results: Four of 1113 participants were not included in this study due to the lack of follow-up. Out of 1109 participants, there were 1044 adults (18-59 years) and 65 elderly (>59 years). There were no serious AEFI cases reported. Most AEFI cases were mild to moderate and resolved after several days of injection. Local pain, myalgia and fatigue were the most frequent adverse events reported. We found that there was no correlation between the adults and elderly age group with the incidence of AEFI (p = 0.924) for local reactions (p = 0.181) and most of the systemic reactions (p = 0.629). However, there is an increased risk of fever in the elderly group compared to the adult group (OR 4.046, 95 % CI 1.794-9.124, p = 0.003) following immunization. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is safe, considering that all symptoms experienced were mild to moderate and resolved entirely.
ABSTRACT
As the COVID-19 pandemic hit worldwide in the early 2020, people were urged to alter their behavior to prevent disease spread, thus, led to change water intake. This study aimed to analyze water and beverage intake among health workers and general workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study was a comparative descriptive study where the participants were 20-45-year-old health workers and general workers in Indonesia. Data collected included demographic, water and beverage intake, physical activity, nutrient intake, and body weight and height. All data collection was obtained online using self-reported questionnaire. Water intake data was collected for 7 days consecutively using a 7-day fluid record. There were 246 participants comprised of 102 (41.5%) general workers and 144 (58.5%) health workers who were analyzed in this study. All participants showed barely adequate intake of daily total fluid 1,882 (1,473-2,433) ml/day. Total fluid intake among general workers was 1,759 (1,447-2,396) ml/day, whereas in health workers it was slightly higher 1,939 (1,516-2,446) ml/day (p-value = 0.378). Among health workers who were highly exposed to patients with COVID-19 showed the highest percentage in drinking water adequately (20 participants, 60.6%) compared to health workers who worked under moderate (29 participants, 48.3%) and low (24 participants, 47.2%) level of exposure to patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, workers need to improve their daily fluid intake. This study also showed better behavior of water consumption among health workers compared to general workers despite of their strict personal protection equipment during working hour.
ABSTRACT
Pandemi COVID-19 sangat memengaruhi pelayanan imunisasi di seluruh dunia. Tenaga kesehatan dialihkan untuk pelayanan COVID-19 dan orangtua merasa takut membawa anaknya untuk imunisasi ke fasilitas kesehatan sehingga menurunkan cakupan imunisasi. Penurunan cakupan imunisasi akan meningkatkan kejadian penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Jakarta sebagai ibukota negara adalah kota dengan populasi terbesar dan juga kasus COVID-19 terbanyak di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan cakupan imunisasi di Jakarta dari sudut pandang orangtua dan tenaga kesehatan.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner disebarkan kepada tenaga kesehatan (dokter spesialis anak, dokter umum, perawat, bidan, kader) dan orangtua di Jakarta pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2020. Hasil di evaluasi menggunakan SPSS.Hasil. Sebanyak 125 tenaga kesehatan dan 145 orangtua mengikuti penelitian ini. Tenaga kesehatan menghadapi masalah seperti adanya peraturan pemerintah untuk menghentikan sementara pelayanan imunisasi, kurangnya alat pelindung diri (APD), tenaga kesehatan terinfeksi COVID-19 dan tenaga imunisasi dialihkan untuk pelayanan COVID-19. Masalah pada orangtua antara lain keraguan untuk membawa anaknya imunisasi karena takut tertular COVID-19 dari tenaga kesehatan ataupun pasien lain, Posyandu ditutup, adanya peraturan PSBB dan masalah transportasi.Kesimpulan. Penurunan cakupan imunisasi pada masa pandemi COVID-19 disebabkan oleh multi faktor yang harus diminimalisasi untuk mengurangi kejadian PD3I.